A U.K. commission issued 44 recommendations for regulating artificial intelligence in medicine, aiming to balance AI's potential, such as reviewing millions of diabetes eye scans each year, with safety and equitable treatment. The proposals include staged authorization of new AI models and a system for providers to report how tools perform in clinics, including malfunctions, as models adapt over time.
An ensemble approach integrating five pretrained pathology foundation models into a single slide-level representation improves tumor subtyping, biomarker prediction, and therapy-response prediction. The gains come from exploiting complementary information across the five models, reported by Luo et al. in Cancer Cell. It points computational pathology toward ensemble and multimodal methods rather than single-model pipelines.
Light-sheet live imaging of late-stage preimplantation human embryos, enabled by mRNA electroporation of nuclear DNA labels, shows chromosome segregation errors arising de novo immediately before implantation, including multipolar spindles, lagging chromosomes, misalignment and mitotic slippage. Most lagging chromosomes are passively inherited rather than reincorporated, and most labeled cells remain externally positioned, consistent with placental fate. The findings question clinical uses of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy.
Type I CRISPR-Cas loci embed and transcriptionally control diverse innate defence systems, a regulatory paradigm named CRISIS. Small non-canonical crRNA-like RNAs guide the I-C Cascade effector to promoters of immune cassettes, keeping basal expression sufficient for antiviral activity while preventing fitness costs such as growth impairment and exclusion of beneficial plasmids. When CRISPR-Cas is compromised by mutation or anti-CRISPR proteins, transcription of the embedded defences surges, raising innate immunity at the expense of host fitness. This casts CRISPR-Cas as a supervisor of a layered prokaryotic defence network, an 'immunity guard' strategy.
In situ cryo-electron tomography of human multiciliated epithelial cells resolved the ciliary transition zone at subnanometer resolution and identified nine constituent proteins, including ECT2L and DZANK1, which form the major linker complexes between adjacent doublet microtubules. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in either gene cause primary ciliary dyskinesia, disrupting TZ architecture and impairing mucociliary clearance. The work establishes a direct genetic link between transition zone defects and human motile ciliopathy.
Isoflurane anesthesia broadly alters serum and tissue metabolism, decreasing serum acylcarnitines and fatty acids while increasing amino acid metabolites and select nucleotides, with tissue-specific remodeling such as glycolytic changes in brain and amino acid accumulation in pancreas. A nonsurgical tail vein catheterization method, done in minutes, enables multihour U-13C6-cystine infusion in awake, freely moving mice, achieving cysteine labeling comparable to jugular infusion with circulating cystine closer to physiological levels. It replaces anesthesia-based tracer delivery for in vivo stable isotope tracing.
A spatial transcriptomics method called 3D DNase-Enhanced Expression Profiling captures gene expression hundreds of microns deep in cleared intact tissue, and applied to neonatal mouse skin it mapped hundreds of developing hair follicles in 3D. Ordering follicles by molecularly inferred developmental age turned one snapshot into a four-dimensional map of organogenesis, revealing stem cell compartment stratification, new cell subtypes, and hair canal formation. In Foxn1-deficient nude mice, organ-wide delays and reduced coordination appeared before overt structural defects.
An integrated experimental-computational framework directly resolves electrical double layer dynamics during the hydrogen evolution reaction, combining time-resolved surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy on nanostructured Pt film electrodes with machine-learning molecular dynamics over nanosecond timescales. The work reveals a nonlinear, two-phase evolution of the inner layer that intensifies the local electric field, plus irreversible restructuring of interfacial water during cyclic potential modulation. It shows ions and interfacial water respond asynchronously far from equilibrium, replacing classical equilibrium EDL models with a quantitative molecular framework.
Why it matters: It replaces equilibrium electrical double layer models with direct molecular-scale measurements of reactive interfaces relevant to electrolyte design.
Benchmarking of methods for computing UV-Vis absorption spectra of a Pt(II) pincer complex, alone and intercalated in a small DNA model, shows that the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and resolution-of-identity approximations speed up TD-DFT considerably at only a modest accuracy cost. PBEh-3c geometry optimization matches conventional DFT efficiency gains with errors comparable to TDA, while GFN-xTB is faster but less accurate; the exchange-correlation functional, with PBE0 performing well, is the largest uncertainty. The work supplies a computational protocol for screening luminescent transition metal probes that target DNA abnormalities.
Bacterial ribosomes can translate proteins encoded within their own RNA, shown by engineering a chimeric messenger-ribosomal RNA (mrRNA) in which a protein-coding sequence was appended to 16S rRNA. The mrRNA assembles into a small subunit forming Ribo-M, which translates mrRNA-encoded proteins; translation is abolished by small-subunit mutations or antibiotics, showing cis translation. Embedding mrRNA in a ribosome with tethered subunits produced Ribo-MT, uniting encoding, decoding and peptide synthesis in one RNA scaffold, with implications for orthogonal protein production and RNA world models.
Transferable genetic toolsets now work across diverse nonmodel gut Clostridia, combining strong constitutive promoters with an inducible, tunable promoter system and CRISPR-Cas gene deletion. Applied in mice, the system achieved targeted and reversible control of microbiota production of trimethylamine and deoxycholic acid, metabolites implicated in host lipid metabolism and disease. This enables causal linking of microbiota genes to host physiology and therapeutic engineering of the microbiota.
An LLM-based clinical assistant that orchestrates multiple tools, applied to sequential electronic health record data, can forecast maternal and infant conditions. The work suggests a window of opportunity to enhance risk-stratified care for mothers and infants, published in Nature Medicine.
A scalable functional genomics platform, the effector ORFeome (eORFeome), covers 3,835 effector ORFs from viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Barcoded screens across NF-κB, apoptosis, p53, cGAS-STING, and MHC class I pathways found pathway-modulating functions for hundreds of uncharacterized eORFs and unexpected activities of known ones, including HHV6A U14 as a p53 antagonist, HHV7 U21 as a dual-function STING antagonist and MHC-I inhibitor, and adenoviral 13.6K/i-leader protein as a de novo-evolved TAP inhibitor.
BOLT is a barcoded oligonucleotide platform that lets many chemically diverse ligand-oligo conjugates be evaluated simultaneously in a single animal, combining rational barcode design, modular conjugation chemistry, and NGS-based quantification. It works in mice and nonhuman primates and identified ligands with tropism for brain, lung, and muscle, addressing the low throughput of testing oligo candidates one by one in animals. It changes how tissue-specific extrahepatic delivery ligands are screened.
Malva is a computational platform that lets researchers search raw sequence space across single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data without a reference genome, at species-agnostic scale. Its expanding index already covers about 74 million cells from thousands of experiments in health and disease, supporting searches for any sequence, mutation, splice junction or pathogen, and reference-free cell type identification. It turns single-cell atlases from static gene count tables into dynamic, sequence-resolved resources.
EMA has launched a voluntary data submission pilot that lets companies, method developers, contract research organisations and academic laboratories share data on New Approach Methodologies outside of a marketing authorisation application. Participants receive non-binding, non-decisional feedback from a group of non-clinical experts across the European medicines regulatory network, supporting regulatory acceptance of alternatives to animal testing under the 3Rs principles. Submissions run until the third quarter of 2027, after which EMA will publish a lessons-learned report.
The tRNA 3' CCA end, long required for ribosomal recognition, tolerates mutation far more than expected: most non-CCA-3' tRNAs (otRNAs) are aminoacylated by all E. coli aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. The authors built AGENTEX, an automated robotic prototyping platform, and used it to run cell-free translation systems with compressed genetic codes of 34 aaRSs for 34 codons, evaluating two genetic codes with non-standard amino acid incorporation and reassignment of up to three codons. The work opens a route to designing translation systems and biopolymers with multiple non-standard monomers.
MAXTIA, a high-throughput kinetic screening platform combining cell-free protein synthesis with high-throughput surface plasmon resonance, maps functional epitopes by alanine scanning up to 384 protein variants within 3 days while providing KD, kon and koff. Applied to the VHH N1 antibody against the neuronal pentraxin-2 pentraxin domain, affinity-disrupting alanine substitutions clustered on the AlphaFold3-predicted structure and matched the crystallographic interface, validating residue-level accuracy.
The Human Protein Atlas now includes a multiplex tissue resource built on large-scale multiplex immunohistochemistry, combining optimized marker panels with candidate proteins to place expression in cellular and subcellular context. Version 25 covers 1106 proteins across eight antibody panels and nine tissue settings, including testis, kidney, endocrine pancreas and salivary gland. The resource refines spatial protein annotation where single-marker staining falls short.
