In vivo engineered CAR NK cells

Chen Y. et al. used ligand-directed lipid nanoparticles to engineer CAR NK cells in vivo for immunotherapy (DOI 10.1038/s41587-026-03310-1). CAR NK cells offer better safety and off-the-shelf potential than CAR T cells, and CAR technology is expanding from haematological malignancies to T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Large-scale ex vivo manufacturing still faces time and cost challenges.