Phytomedicine study shows Astragalus polysaccharide transported via M cells induces IgA through TLR4-dependent DC-B axis to ease colitis

A Phytomedicine study shows that Astragalus polysaccharide can be transported through M cells into Peyer's patches, where it induces IgA production via a TLR4-dependent dendritic cell-B cell axis to alleviate colitis. The report says this pathway provides a concrete mechanism for how natural polysaccharides regulate intestinal immunity despite very low oral bioavailability.