Biomarkers of subclinical cholestasis predict cancer immunotherapy outcomes

Subclinical cholestasis, marked by γ-glutamyl transferase, bile-acid remodeling, and MAdCAM-1 loss, signals gut dysbiosis and predicts resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. The work links these markers to compromised antitumor immunity and points to biomarker-guided microbiota interventions. It offers an accessible way to identify patients likely to resist immunotherapy.