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#综述/观点

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Oct 15Thu
  1. nature.com59

    Overlooked brown fat in our bodies linked to wide range of health benefits

    People with active brown fat are less affected by a range of health issues, including type 2 diabetes, depression and anxiety, according to the largest study of its kind, covering more than 100,000 people scanned with PET and CT. An artificial-intelligence model quantified active brown fat from the scans, showing that more active brown fat tracked with greater protection from disorders and diseases. The work, published in Nature, expands the list of benefits linked to brown fat, though causation is not yet shown.

Oct 14Wed
  1. BMJ65

    Reporting completeness of clinical trials evaluating large language model interventions in medicine: systematic review.

    Clinical trials of large language model (LLM) interventions in medicine show modest adherence to established reporting guidelines, according to a systematic review of 68 trial reports, 15 protocols, and 378 registrations. Mean completeness was 40% for TRIPOD-LLM, 44% for CONSORT 2025, 59% for CONSORT-AI, and 52% for CHART, with reproducibility details and harms reporting frequently missing. The findings identify specific reporting gaps that must be closed before LLM interventions can be appraised for safety and translated into clinical care.

  2. Nat Biotechnol52

    Engrafting human cortical organoids.

    Xenocortication, a transplantation approach described by Kaganovsky and colleagues, integrates human cortical organoids into the mouse brain by grafting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical organoids into the cortical cavity of neonatal immunodeficient 'apallial' mice, in which most of the neocortex and hippocampus had been genetically depleted. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the grafts grew approximately 4.7-fold between 2 and 3 months after transplantation and accounted for nearly 92% of the combined cortical tissue volume. The approach addresses limited intracranial space and interactions with existing neural circuits that restrict organoid growth and integration after transplantation into rodents.

    Why it matters: Reports a transplantation method that markedly improves growth and integration of human cortical organoids in mice.

Oct 13Tue
  1. nature.com57

    Human–artificial intelligence collaboration for comanaging epilepsy in real time

    A moderated large language model-based chat interface let epilepsy monitoring patients converse with their electroencephalography monitoring in real time via smartphone. In the small study, patient feedback reduced seizure-detector false alarms by about 80% without clinician input. This points to human-AI collaboration as a way to improve seizure detection accuracy in ambulatory monitoring.

  3. nature.com60

    Tracing the origins of CRISPR–Cas

    VIPR systems, a family of RNA-guided DNA-targeting systems found mainly in bacteriophages, may be evolutionary precursors to class 1 CRISPR-Cas. Yoon and colleagues identified them through structure-based searches of the AlphaFold database and showed that small Vipr proteins bind VIPR RNAs with tandem repeats. The NN bases guide DNA targeting through a 'one-nucleotide skip' code, validated in vitro and by transcriptional repression in Escherichia coli, and reprogramming the NN sequences redirects targeting without a protospacer-adjacent motif.

    Why it matters: It points to evolutionary precursors of CRISPR-Cas and a targeting rule that could enable new programmable genetic manipulation tools.

Oct 9Fri
  1. nature.com52

    Calorie restriction reduces somatic mutation burden in mice

    Calorie restriction reduced genome-wide somatic mutation burden in mice, cutting substitution and insertion/deletion counts most strongly in intergenic, transcriptionally inactive regions and inaccessible chromatin. Duplex sequencing of liver, kidney, hepatocytes and cerebellar neurons from 19-month-old male mice under 30% calorie restriction showed that two feeding regimens with different lifespan effects reduced mutations equally, indicating mutation burden is not rate-limiting for lifespan.

Oct 7Wed
  1. nature.com75

    Revealed: how this common gut microbe protects against heart disease

    The gut bacterium Bacteroides uniformis, often depleted in people with heart disease, produces pentadecanoic acid, a molecule that lowers cholesterol and shrinks arterial plaque. In mice engineered to develop atherosclerosis, the compound cut arterial plaque by about half, and live B. uniformis shrank plaques by about one-third while reducing total cholesterol and LDL. The molecule inhibits a liver enzyme in cholesterol production that statins also target, and in more than 200 human donors, lower pentadecanoic acid levels linked to abnormally high blood lipids.

  2. nature.com53

    Genome accessibility reveals disease risk that gene expression misses

    Most disease-associated genetic variants act not on genes directly but on genome accessibility that changes gene expression. Simultaneous analysis of gene expression and accessibility in 10 million immune cells from 1,108 people now links disease-associated changes in accessibility to gene expression. The work gives a route to detecting disease risk that expression data alone misses.

Oct 6Tue
  1. Cell68

    Decoding mitochondrial proteomes of diverse eukaryotes.

    The MitoCarta Tree of Life Consortium developed experimental and computational workflows to generate high-accuracy mitochondrial proteomes across diverse eukaryotes. The work maps how nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins vary extensively across lineages, beyond the animal-and-yeast picture that dominates textbooks. It lays a foundation for comparative mitochondrial biology with implications for physiology, evolution, and disease.

    Why it matters: It provides a comparative resource for mitochondrial protein diversity across eukaryotic lineages.

  2. Mol Cell54

    DDIAS shields vulnerable single-stranded DNA to direct neurogenesis and protect cancer cells.

    DDIAS acts as an essential single-stranded DNA-binding effector of the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex, shielding post-replicative ssDNA lesions during mitosis to safeguard genome integrity. Two papers, by Xue et al. in Molecular Cell and Tsukuda et al. in Cell, link this DDIAS function to directing neurogenesis and protecting cancer cells, with implications for human cancer and neurodevelopment.

    Why it matters: Identifies DDIAS as the ssDNA-shielding effector of CIP2A-TOPBP1, connecting genome protection to neurogenesis and cancer.

Oct 3Sat
  1. nature.com62

    Prozac use for childhood depression skewed by single flawed medical trial

    A single 40-child trial of fluoxetine (Prozac) conducted in Iran and published in 2006 appears to have skewed the evidence base for treating depression in children and adolescents. Re-running the 2016 and 2020 Lancet meta-analyses without that trial, whose implausibly large effect size favored fluoxetine over nortriptyline, made fluoxetine's benefits over placebo disappear. The authors say guideline committees should review their recommendations for fluoxetine in paediatric depression rather than stop prescribing.

    Why it matters: One untrustworthy trial, not new data, explains why major meta-analyses of fluoxetine for paediatric depression disagreed.

Oct 1Thu
  1. nature.com56

    Restoring hearing in people with a rare form of deafness

    A gene therapy delivering a functional OTOF gene to inner-ear hair cells improved hearing in around 80% of participants within 24 weeks in the CHORD clinical trial, which enrolled 24 participants aged between 10 months and 16 years with OTOF-associated hearing impairment. Each participant received Otarmeni as a one-time infusion, either in one ear or in both ears. In April, Otarmeni became the first gene therapy for hearing loss approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Sep 16Wed
  1. Cancer Cell57

    Latent tumor killers awakened.

    A single-cell atlas of bone marrow T cells from patients with bone marrow-resident malignancies reveals tumor-reactive populations in a state of latent competence. A 15-gene signature identifies this subset, which is expanded by immunotherapies and predicts clinical responses. The work pinpoints a definable T cell state that clinicians could use to gauge who will respond to immunotherapy.

    Why it matters: A 15-gene signature of latent tumor-reactive T cells may predict immunotherapy response in marrow-resident cancers.

Sep 4Fri
  1. Cell55

    Enteric glial serotonin signaling drives anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer.

    A serotonergic neuroimmune circuit linking enteric glial cells to anti-tumor immunity has been identified. Wen and colleagues show that peripheral 5-HT2AR agonism acts through enteric glial cells, which then drive cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity against colorectal cancer. The work positions enteric glia as critical effectors of peripheral serotonin signaling in tumor control.

Aug 31Mon
  1. JAMA56

    Gene Silencer Therapy in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Trials.

    Pooled analysis of the phase 3 trials HELIOS-B and CARDIO-TTRansform (2086 patients with ATTR-CM) found TTR gene-silencing therapy cut the composite of all-cause mortality and recurrent cardiovascular events by 20% (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.94), reduced all-cause death (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61-0.91), and preserved 6-minute walk distance (+22.2 m vs placebo). Benefit was significant in patients not on baseline TTR stabilizers (RR, 0.69) but not in those already receiving stabilizer therapy (RR, 0.97). The findings support TTR gene silencing for ATTR-CM and clarify how background stabilizer use shapes the treatment effect.

    Why it matters: It quantifies the overall effect of TTR gene silencers in ATTR-CM and shows benefit depends on baseline stabilizer use.

Aug 20Thu
  1. Nat Med62

    The px1 locus is linked to declining susceptibility to malaria drugs in Uganda.

    A rapidly spreading haplotype on chromosome 7 of Plasmodium falciparum, carrying mutations and deletions in the px1 gene, is strongly associated with reduced parasite susceptibility to the first-line antimalarials lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin in Uganda. The finding identifies px1 as a linked locus in declining drug susceptibility and adds a genetic marker for tracking emerging resistance.

    Why it matters: Links a specific spreading parasite locus to reduced susceptibility to Uganda's first-line malaria drugs.

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